FISH Psychology 🐟 咸鱼心理学 🐟

Do you think that Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) are the same? The answer is NO! The public often holds a misbelief where a schizophrenic patient switches between multiple personalities. In fact, ONLY DID patients have a split personality. Today we will explain the differences between these two distinct mental disorders! Types of disorder and symptoms Both schizophrenia & DID are described under two different chapters in the DSM-5: Schizophrenia -> Schizophrenia Spectrum & other psychotic disorders DID -> Dissociative disorders Both mental disorders has different  characteristics  too: Schizophrenia: Disruption in thinking, perception, emotions, behaviours Positive symptoms: Experience hallucinations (hearing voices & seeing things that does not exist/ are not real) Have delusions (having beliefs that are uncommon/ odd) Negative symptoms: Expressionless (have flat constant emotion) Anhedonia (can't feel happiness, pleasure) Dissociative Id

Are you experiencing intense, unbearable pain and sorrow because you recently lost your loved one? That is perfectly okay, it is part of the process of grieving. Everyone faces death and experiences losing their loved ones, especially during this pandemic, the death cases have risen dramatically where almost everyone experienced grief. What is grief? It is a highly intense, acute pain, and overwhelming experience of sorrow, distress, and sadness that results from the loss of a loved one. Five Stages of Grief Elisabeth Kubler-Ross proposed that we would go through 5 stages of grief after the loss of a loved one. Stage 1 - Denial In the first stage, we find it hard to believe the sudden news about the death of a loved one hence is reluctant to face the truth. The world has fallen and became meaningless. At this point, our “usual” reality has shifted completely. We are shocked and tend to deny that our loved ones had gone forever. We often felt overwhelmed by the tragic news. However, t

Have you ever wondered what keeps you waking up and completing tasks every day🤔? It is because there are different needs that we wanted to fulfill therefore causing you to carry out that behaviour or action. In other words, the needs and desires are what motivate you to act. ⎼Types of Motivation⎼ There are two types of motivation - intrinsic & extrinsic . Intrinsic motivation is the “ in side” internal force that “ pushes ” you to act or behave. For example, you study because you are hungry for knowledge. Whereas, extrinsic motivation is the ex ternal environmental factors that “ pull ” you to act or behave such as monetary rewards. For instance, you study hard because you want to achieve good grades. There are several theories of motivation, but today we will cover two main theories: ⎼Theories of Motivation⎼ 🔹 Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs 🔹 Maslow (1954) suggested five stages of basic needs and growth needs for all individuals to survive and thrive. The stages from the lowest t

  Suicide is an act of ending own life by harming own selves. However, do people really want to end their lives? Or what they really want is to relieve themselves from the pain and suffering they have long endured and death is the only way for them? Imagine if your close friends or family member committed suicide. Would you blame yourself for not being able to provide the support and help they needed or would you blame them for being so stupid as to die? Many who committed suicide have had hit a bottleneck in their lives as if the sky were falling on them making them hard to breathe. Preventing suicide can start with you. When the sky is falling in their lives, you can be there to support and encourage them to hang in there while seeking help to "move the fallen sky away". Life is not direct nor easy, ups and downs are unpredictable and unavoidable. Sometimes life is so bad and bitter that it makes you choose to end your own life to stop those suffering and torture. However,

Most people hold misconceptions about suicide . Today we would debunk some common myths or misconceptions about suicide. 1. When people talk about suicide, they do not mean it. They are just seeking attention. We tend to overlook when people say hopeless sentences such as “my life is a mess.”, “I think dying is better than staying alive.”. We may think that it means nothing, or even think that they are just seeking attention and will never commit suicide, hence ignoring it. Some would even provoke the person who is talking about ending their own lives. However, we should always take it seriously because that could be an alarm about suicide, and they are crying for help. 2. People who attempt suicide have mental illnesses It is a common myth that we believe people who attempt or commit suicide was previously diagnosed with mental illnesses such as depression. However, not all suicidal individuals have a history of mental disorders nor all psychiatric patients are suicidal. Patients wit

Have you ever wonder who can be at risk of suicide? The answer is ANYONE COULD! ❗ Suicide: Risk Factors ❗ There are some risk factors that could potentially increase the chances of individual developing suicidal thoughts or ideation. For example, having a history of family suicide or mental health illness would increase the risk of suicide. Besides that, individuals who attempted suicide previously are at a higher risk of repeating the same behaviour again. Individuals who are encountering conflict, disaster, violence, abuse, loss of close friends or family members are also at risk of attempting suicide given the overwhelming stress and negative emotions that they are feeling. Indirect or direct exposure to suicide behaviour would increase the chances of the exposed individual imitating such behaviour, especially when they are dealing with stressful events or life crises. Lastly, victims of bullying or discrimination are also at higher risk of attempting suicide. As they undergo verbal

What is Suicide? Suicide is the act of a person intentionally ends their own life. What is Suicide Attempt? Suicide attempt is the act of a person intentionally cause oneself death but failed to do so. Suicide attempt may not always result in death, but a nonfatal suicide attempt can leave the person with serious physical injuries and affects a person’s mental state. -- Suicide Facts Suicide is a sensitive topic. It is also one of the common death causes nowadays, regardless of the age, gender, or ethnicity of the person. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), more than 700 thousand people died due to suicide every year, and the numbers are not inclusive of the cases that are not reported! 77% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Hanging, firearms, and ingestion of pesticides are common methods of committing suicide. In Asian countries, not restricted to suicide topics, the topic of mental health issues is always seen as a taboo🚫. Hence it is not often mention

What do you think our memory is like? Do you think that memories are permanent and they stay the same as the first time you encode them? Well, the truth is not❌, our memory is not static. It is reconstructive and malleable. Today we would like to debunk the common misbeliefs about memory ! -- Simon and Chabris (2011) conducted a survey to assess the general public’s common incorrect beliefs about the properties of memory. The findings suggested a discrepancy between popular belief and scientific empirical evidence about the properties of memory. Below are the five main misconceptions the general public has about human memory! -- Statement 1: The testimony of one confident eyewitness is enough evidence to convict a defendant of a crime Myth 1: Eyewitness memory is sufficient for conviction Eyewitness memory refers to an individual’s previous recollection of experience on a specific event typically related to criminal events such as robbery. Eyewitness memory plays an important key fac

Are you having trouble remembering things ? For instance, you have ever experienced forgetting where you parked your car in a shopping mall car park, your mind went blank and empty while taking an exam or test, or you often forget about important meeting or class which makes you missed them out. If you have ever experienced those or other events that suggest you have poor memory, fret not! Today, we will be sharing some tips to help you improve your memory 😉  (Again, do keep in mind that these tips are subject to each individual, do adopt which you think you find most helpful and suitable ya!) -- Below are the tips to improve memory performance: Tip 1: Use mnemonics! Mnemonic is a technique that significantly aids in remembering information. The first letter of the needed-to-be-remembered term will be associated with the first letter of another word. For example, you can remember all the 7 colours of rainbow🌈, by using the acronym : ROY G. BIV, which is Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, B

One of the amazing things our brain does is forming new memories 💌. What is memory? Memory is a function of the brain that allows us to acquire, store, and retrieve information. It includes three main processes: acquiring , storing , and retrieving information such as knowledge, skills, concepts, past experiences, and more into our brain. Types of Memory Memory can be divided into two main types: short-term and long-term (see picture 1). Picture 1 Short-term Memory (STM) Short-term memory is the system storage that retains information for a short period of time. It has a limited capacity where an individual can only remember 7±2 items (which is 5 to 9 items). In order to store information for a longer period of time, it requires review otherwise without reviewing the information will disappear and be no longer accessible. Examples of STM memories are remembering the amount of food bill to be paid, remembering the phone number you have just been told. Working Memory (WM) Similar t

Have you ever seen the illusions in pictures 1 and 2🤔?  Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 Both lines A and B (picture 3) in both illusions have the same length , but we perceive them as one longer than the other. Why is that so🧐? It is due to the failure of size constancy . - What is size constancy? Size constancy is the tendency of our visual system to perceive the object as the same size regardless of the change of the perceived distance and size on the retina. Size constancy failure explanation Ponzo Illusion In the 🔹Ponzo illusion🔹, the diagonal lines would be seen as ascending to the horizon, hence line A would be perceived as being further away from line B. If both line A and line B are the same sizes, then line A should be perceived as being shorter. However, as the length of line A exceeds the given range of the two diagonal lines, it would then be perceived as being longer compared to line B. As a result, given these two factors, line A would be perceived to be longer than

Are you sleeping well lately😌? Or Are you suffering from insomnia 🐼? Hopefully, you have had a good night’s sleep recently! Today, we are going to share some tips to maintain or improve your sleeping quality! -- Importance of Sleep Do you know that sleep can affect us physically , emotionally , and mentally ? When you have poor sleep quality: Prolong low sleep quality or insomnia would make you gain weight and increase the risk of health problems such as liver cancer ( physically ) It makes you have impaired brain function such as being unable to concentrate or focus on a task ( mentally ) Poor sleep makes you fussy and easily angry ( emotionally ) When you have good sleep quality: It reduces the stress level in your body ( emotionally ) It improves your brain functioning such as better concentration, thinking, and able to be productive ( mentally ) It reduces the risk of you getting health problems ( physically ) We would like to share 4 different tips to help you maintain and i

How are you feeling now? Can you recognize the emotion of it? Anyway, we hope you are feeling great today! Today, let’s dive into human’s emotion🙂☹️😡😱🤢😮! What is Emotion? Emotion is the conscious experience that is subjective to each individual. For example, one may feel anger and grieve at the loss of a loved one while others may experience extreme sadness. It consists of two components : A physiological (bodily) response , which is not limited to automatic bodily responses, pounding heart, and sweating palms. A subjective feeling , which includes sadness, happiness, surprise, anger, fear, and disgust. Theories of Emotions Below are the explanations for the 2️ common theories of emotion that explained how humans experience emotion: 🔸James-Lange Theory of Emotions🔶 This theory suggests that emotion arises from physiological arousal. When our organs receive external impulses, the afferent impulses would be first delivered to the cortex through the spinal cord and perceive the o

Illusory Contours Have you ever experienced a situation where you can identify an object or shape without needing the contour (or outline) of it? In visual illusion👁️‍🗨️, this is known as illusory contours, where you can perceive the outlines of an unexisting shape😲! - What is Illusory Contour? Illusory contours refer to visual illusions of perceiving and recognizing contours in an object that is not physically present (none exist). Examples of Illusory Contours 1️⃣Kanizsa Triangle (Kanzsa, 1955) The Kanizsa Triangle was first created by Italian psychologist Gaetano Kanizsa in 1955. As shown in the image above, a white upside-down triangle can be perceived as occluding the upright triangle and the three circles even though there are no explicit outlines whatsoever. Besides that, the white upside-down triangle also appears brighter than the surrounding white background. In fact, the white upside-down triangle actually does not exist at all and it has the same brightness as the backg

How do you cope when you have a bad day? -- Are you going through a difficult time or having a bad day😥? If yes, what do you do to cope with it? Everyone reacts differently to stressful events. Some run away, some do certain things to deal with the stress. Today we would share two different coping strategies to help you get through the hard times. -- What are Coping Strategies? Coping is defined as the cognitive and behavioural efforts that are implemented to solve problems and reduce the stress that these problems have caused. It is a capacity to respond and to recover from stressful events or difficult times. Coping strategies or sometimes known as coping mechanisms are means or ways that are used to manage stressful or traumatic events. There are no standards for coping strategies, they vary depending on a person's experience. Importance of Coping Strategies Coping strategies are important to an individual because it will help us to get through difficult times, manage stress,