Size Constancy

Have you ever seen the illusions in pictures 1 and 2🤔?

Picture 1

Picture 2

Picture 3

Both lines A and B (picture 3) in both illusions have the same length, but we perceive them as one longer than the other. Why is that so🧐? It is due to the failure of size constancy.

-

What is size constancy?

Size constancy is the tendency of our visual system to perceive the object as the same size regardless of the change of the perceived distance and size on the retina.

Size constancy failure explanation

Ponzo Illusion

In the 🔹Ponzo illusion🔹, the diagonal lines would be seen as ascending to the horizon, hence line A would be perceived as being further away from line B. If both line A and line B are the same sizes, then line A should be perceived as being shorter. However, as the length of line A exceeds the given range of the two diagonal lines, it would then be perceived as being longer compared to line B. As a result, given these two factors, line A would be perceived to be longer than line B despite them having the same length.

Müller-Lyer Illusion

For the 🔹Müller-Lyer Illusion🔹, the arrowheads in both lines (pointing outwards and inwards) would be used as an indicator for the perception of the length by our visual system to interpret depth cues. For line A, the outward-pointing arrowhead presents the actual length of line A. Whereas for line B, the inward-pointing arrowhead (line B) indicates that the line is further away. As objects that are seen as further away usually would be smaller or shorter, hence the actual object would be bigger or longer. Thus, line B would be perceived to be longer than line A.

References/Resources:

Comments

Classical Conditioning

What is Classical Conditioning? Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning between an automatic stimulus and a specific stimulus. * Classical conditioning would be referred to as CC in the remaining text. * How does Classical Conditioning work? Before we start, there are a few terms to know about: Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - Any stimulus that will always and naturally elicit a response. Unconditioned Response (UCR) - Any response that always and naturally occurs upon the presentation of the UCS. Neutral Stimulus (NS) - Any stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response associated with the UCR. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Any stimulus that will, after association with a UCS, cause a conditioned response (CR) when present to a subject by itself. Conditioned Response (CR) - Any response that occurs upon the presentation of CS. So how do CC works? It involves presenting a neutral stimulus before an unconditioned stimulus (that produces an automatic, unconditioned ...

Schizophrenia VS Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Do you think that Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) are the same? The answer is NO! The public often holds a misbelief where a schizophrenic patient switches between multiple personalities. In fact, ONLY DID patients have a split personality. Today we will explain the differences between these two distinct mental disorders! Types of disorder and symptoms Both schizophrenia & DID are described under two different chapters in the DSM-5: Schizophrenia -> Schizophrenia Spectrum & other psychotic disorders DID -> Dissociative disorders Both mental disorders has different characteristics too: Schizophrenia: Disruption in thinking, perception, emotions, behaviours Positive symptoms: Experience hallucinations (hearing voices & seeing things that does not exist/ are not real) Have delusions (having beliefs that are uncommon/ odd) Negative symptoms: Expressionless (have flat constant emotion) Anhedonia (can't feel happiness, pleasure) Dissociati...

Understanding Grief

Are you experiencing intense, unbearable pain and sorrow because you recently lost your loved one? That is perfectly okay, it is part of the process of grieving. Everyone faces death and experiences losing their loved ones, especially during this pandemic, the death cases have risen dramatically where almost everyone experienced grief. What is grief? It is a highly intense, acute pain, and overwhelming experience of sorrow, distress, and sadness that results from the loss of a loved one. Five Stages of Grief Elisabeth Kubler-Ross proposed that we would go through 5 stages of grief after the loss of a loved one. Stage 1 - Denial In the first stage, we find it hard to believe the sudden news about the death of a loved one hence is reluctant to face the truth. The world has fallen and became meaningless. At this point, our “usual” reality has shifted completely. We are shocked and tend to deny that our loved ones had gone forever. We often felt overwhelmed by the tragic news. However, t...

FISH Psychology 🐟 咸鱼心理学 🐟

Search This Blog