Baumrind's Parenting Styles👪
Every parent raises and teaches their child differently. All of them adopt different types of parenting styles. Some parents are strict; some show excessive love for their children; some are a mixture, neither strict nor warm. So, have you ever wondered what are the main parenting styles that most parents would adopt? Today we will discuss 4️⃣ different Parenting Styles proposed by Baumrind:-
💙What is Parenting Style?💙
It refers to the set of attitudes and strategies adopted by parents in the process of child-rearing. According to Baumrind, parenting style is categorized by two main aspects - responsiveness (warmth) and demandingness (control).
Responsiveness is also known as warmth is the frequency of quality interaction and intimacy between children and parents. It is also the extent to which parents foster personality and self-affirmation in children by being supportive and sensitive in responding to their children’s emotional and developmental needs. For example, parents with high warmth tend to actively support, listen, and respond to the activities performed by their children.
Whereas, demandingness is defined as the amount of control and strictness which parents exert to control their children’s behaviour. It is the requirement and expectation of the parents to the children so that they become more disciplined and well-behaved. Parents would enforce certain rules for their children in the process of child-rearing.
The four types of parenting styles proposed by Baumrind are as follow:
Overview of the four parenting styles
🔸Authoritative🔸 (⬆️D&R)
Authoritative parenting style is considered as the “ideal” parenting style. It is often associated with positive outcomes of children’s behaviour such as higher academic achievement, being able to be independent, and higher self-esteem. Authoritative parents have high expectations for achievement and maturity, but they are also warm and responsive towards their children. They value and encourage communication by having an open discussion and using give-and-take techniques with their children to resolve parent-child conflict. They often set clear goals, expectations, and demands for their children and are willing to explain the reason why they made certain decisions. They provide their children with a sense of autonomy such as allowing them to make their own decisions as well as being understanding towards their children’s misbehaviour by allowing them to learn from the mistakes.🔸Authoritarian🔸(⬆️D, ⬇️R)
Although the word sounds similar to authoritative, they have several differences. Authoritarian (disciplinarian) parenting style is often seen as “Tiger parents”. Authoritarian parents often set fixed rules and demand absolute obedience from their children. They attempt to shape and monitor children’s behaviour and attitudes whereby two-way communication is not encouraged between the child and their parents. They are more likely to use harsh punishments to gain control and power over their children’s behaviour. For instance, when children did not fulfil the given demands or expectations, physical and verbal punishment would be imposed. They are also unresponsive to their children’s needs. They believe and justify that their way of teaching is to toughen up their kids. Children with “tiger parents’ often are obedient however, they often exhibit behavioural problems such as having lower self-esteem, lower confidence and using avoidant coping strategies.🔸Permissive🔸(⬇️D, ⬆️R)
Permissive (indulgent) parenting styles are warm however they set few or no rules for the children. They are overflowing in parietal warmth. They tend and try not to say ‘no’ to their children mainly to avoid disappointing their children. They also have no consequences for children’s misbehaviour. Children whose parents are permissive display characteristics of immature, selfish, and have problems controlling their impulses.🔸Uninvolved🔸 (⬇️D&R)
Uninvolved (neglectful) parenting styles do not set rules or expectations for their children. They are uninvolved in their children's lives by demonstrating little or no parental involvement. They do not take any interest in their children’s activities. Children neglected by their parents are more likely to develop mental health issues such as depressive symptoms, involved in delinquent behaviour like drug or alcohol abuse.--
All in all, it is important to note that most parenting studies are correlational studies that suggest links between parenting styles and outcomes. Hence, it does not guarantee any causation. For instance, parents who are high in warmth and responsiveness tend to produce children with fewer behavioural problems. However, it can be interpreted otherwise that children behave well and influence their parents to be warm and responsive.
After all, parents are the closest person to us and the people that we spent most of our time with. Regardless of any styles they adopted to raise you as a child, we hope that all parents will provide love and care to their children, and the children would appreciate and care for the people who love you the most in this world as well ---- your parents. ❤️
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